Consolidation refers to the combination of multiple companies into one single entity. Consolidation may happen through processes like mergers, acquisitions, or hostile takeovers.

Historically, international sports was played between sports-playing nations around the world in bilateral ('between two countries') or multilateral ('between multiple countries') series. Under a bilateral/multilateral system, sports-playing nations would invite teams from other nations to compete for a particular title, league, friendly match, and so on. Examples include the Lansdowne Cup between the national rugby teams of Ireland and Australia, or invitational games between the national cricket teams of India, Pakistan, Australia, and so on. Each country's representative sports team is owned and managed by the government, where all players on the team must hold citizenship in that country. 

On the other hand, in franchise leagues, sports teams are privately owned and managed. Franchise teams can consist of a mix of players from different nationalities, and often play in extensive seasons. Examples of franchise leagues are the Indian Premier League for cricket and the English Premier League for football. 

Recently, the rise in franchise sporting leagues has come at the expense of bilateral/multilateral sports series due to complications in scheduling and resource management.

A "youthocratic" voting system grants more weight to votes cast by the youth (e.g. the weightage assigned to a vote is inversely proportional to age of the individuals). For the purposes of the debate, the minimum legal age to vote is 21.

International financial institutions, such as the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF), are global organisations that give loans and grants to countries to fund large development projects, such as power plants, roads, industries, and public transport systems.

A country’s net greenhouse gas emissions are the total greenhouse gasses (GHGs) it releases minus any GHGs it removes. For example, even if a country produces 1 tonne of GHGs (e.g. through factories or burning fossil fuels), its net greenhouse gas emission is zero if it also removes 1 tonne of CHGs from the atmosphere (e.g. through forest replantation or the use of GHG-capturing technology).

In politics, “fighting dirty” refers to the use of tactics by political parties that are technically legal, but are deemed as against the spirit of democracy. Examples of "fighting dirty" include excessively redrawing electoral districts in their favour, launching smear campaigns against their opposing politicians, pitting their opposing politicians into scandals, etc. 

The "Protestant work ethic" refers to the notion that work is a spiritually noble vocation. As such, individuals who adopt the Protestant work ethic believe ordinary labor (e.g. farming, business) are not just economic necessities, but active callings from God, and that traits in the pursuit of hard work (e.g. diligence, perseverance) are signs of spiritual strength.

In criminal trials, a jury is a group of usually 12 ordinary citizens chosen at random to hear the evidence of the case given to the court, decide what facts of the case they believe, and deliver a verdict of the case (i.e. "guilty" or "not guilty"). Members of the jury are prohibited from discussing the case with anyone other than another member of the jury until the trial is complete. 

The decision of the jury must be unanimous or reach an acceptable majority. If the jury decides a "not guilty" verdict, the accused is let go; if the jury decides a "guilty" verdict, the accused is convicted of the crime and the judge proceeds to determine the criminal sentence. 

Although the judge cannot directly influence the jury, they typically brief members of the jury how to properly and fairly assess the evidence of the case. A criminal trial that includes a jury is called a jury trial. A criminal trial that does not have a jury is called a bench trial. In bench trials, only the judges themselves hear a case and decide the verdict. 

<div>'Farmageddon' is an advanced virtual reality technology which allows participants to accurately experience life from the first-person perspective of a random factory-farmed animal (e.g. a cow, a chicken, a pig). Once logged in, the user retains their memories from outside the simulation but experiences the animal's sensations as if they were real.</div><div><br></div><div>One session lasts for an hour in real life, but time is dilated to make the user feel as if they've spent a month in the simulation. Once you enter, you cannot leave until the simulation ends. If it were to exist, every adult would be required to enter the simulation.</div>

Ghosting is when someone suddenly cuts off all communication in a relationship—no texts, calls, or replies—without any explanation.